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Here are the laptops I’d tell any parent to consider for their back-to-school student

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We’re in the heart of summer fun, but it’s already time for back-to-school planning, especially if that involves buying a new laptop.

The dizzying number of different laptops and configurations can feel overwhelming, especially if you want something that doesn’t cost too much but will still last a long time. My general guidelines are to first pick the operating system you need (based on personal preference or class requirements), and then get the best specs you can afford. If your school has specific requirements or recommendations, they are likely found on the school website. A quality laptop should also have a good screen, keyboard, and trackpad — and preferably enough ports and some decent speakers.

Unless you’re buying a Chromebook, aim for an M4 processor (for Macs) or an Intel Core Ultra 5 or 7, an AMD Ryzen AI 300 series, or a Qualcomm Snapdragon X processor on a Windows machine, especially if you want your laptop to last at least four years. Aim for at least 16GB of RAM and 512GB of storage. If your budget allows for more RAM or storage then go for it, especially if neither is user-replaceable — it’ll help with performance and longevity. If you have to choose based on budget, prioritize RAM, since external storage is easily available.

What we’re looking for

The Verge tests laptops with an emphasis on real-world use. That means I use it for everyday work, which is not too different from the way many college students would work: getting a feel for multitasking performance while running lots of apps and browser tabs, running the battery down to see how long it lasts, and spending ample time with the laptop as my primary computer. I also run some synthetic benchmarks to quantify things like graphics processing, but, just like a student, a laptop is more than its test scores.

Much like our general buying guide, I’m looking for laptops with all-day battery life and decent performance for a good price. Keeping students and family budgets in mind, it should be a machine that can last five or more school years before getting bogged down or feeling outdated.

A good keyboard and quality trackpad are essential, especially since students in classrooms are less likely to plug in peripherals. The keyboard should be pleasant to type on, durable, and ideally backlit. The trackpad should be accurate and big enough to use comfortably.

Screen size can come down to preference, since what you give up in size is typically made up in portability. In most cases, around 13 inches is as small as you want to go, with 16 inches being the maximum before things get unwieldy. A 14-incher is a happy middle ground (and represented by more than half of our picks here). Aim for at least a 1920 x 1080 / 60Hz display that gets fairly bright, though higher is better, especially on larger screens, if it doesn’t get too expensive.

A student’s laptop should be well built and portable. For younger kids especially, it should be durable. For older kids and young adults, it should be easy to repair or at least readily serviceable to last as many years as possible.

A student laptop should be able to get through a student’s day of classes without needing to be constantly charged.

For ports, at least a couple of USB-C are essential.

Taking much of that into account, here are our top picks among current laptops.

The best laptop for most students

$849

The Good

  • Easily lasts a full day on battery
  • Excellent choice for most people’s everyday needs
  • Nails the basics in a thin-and-light while feeling like a nice place to be

The Bad

  • Still starts with just 256GB of storage
  • Still has limited ports
  • Still prone to throttling under heavy creative tasks

Unless you’re going into a field involving lots of graphics rendering or video editing, a MacBook Air should be more than enough computer to last through the student years. The Air is our top laptop recommendation for most people, and that includes students — particularly students in high school or starting college. Nothing else offers quite the same balance of performance, build quality, and battery life as Apple’s entry-level laptop. It’s a speedy little machine that can even handle some heftier content creation work. Its battery can easily get you through a packed day of classes. And it has the best trackpad around. The only major downside with an Air (as with all modern MacBooks) is that you can’t upgrade the storage or memory after you buy it.

Now that MacBooks start with 16GB of RAM, even the base $999 13-inch model is excellent, if a little short on storage space at 256GB. So you may want to consider the $1,199 model with 512GB of storage. For the same price you can get the larger 15-inch model with roomier screen real estate and even better speakers, but then you’re once again starting with 256GB.

$1049

The Good

  • Easily lasts a full day on battery
  • Excellent choice for most people’s everyday needs
  • Nails the basics in a thin-and-light while feeling like a nice place to be
  • Louder speakers over its smaller counterpart

The Bad

  • Still starts with just 256GB of storage
  • Still has limited ports
  • Still prone to throttling under heavy creative tasks
Read our review of the M4 MacBook Air.

A note on older M-series Airs:

The original M1 MacBook Air can still be bought new from Walmart for $649 or less. Even at five years old, it remains a very good machine for those on tighter budgets, but it’s worth hunting for a deal on an M2 MacBook Air or newer if you can. That lingering M1 only has 8GB of RAM, and newer M2 and M3 versions have MagSafe chargers, better keyboards, and markedly better screens. You can often find one with 16GB of RAM for just a bit more than the M1, and it’ll be better for the long haul.

The best student laptop for serious content creation

$1433

The Good

  • Everything good about last year’s model but better
  • All the I/O of the pricier MacBook Pros
  • More RAM
  • New webcam is sharp and clear
  • Nano-texture display is a nice add-on

The Bad

  • Desk View webcam feature is low-res and overly distorted
  • Space black finish can still be a little smudgy
  • Apple’s price structure may still have you longing for M4 Pro / Max

MacBook Pros have long been a staple on college campuses for students in creative fields, and the latest base version is one of the best laptops Apple has cooked up in years. Apple’s base model 14-inch MacBook Pro is a step up from the MacBook Air, with the same M4 chip. Its starting price of $1,599 is a significant jump from a $999 Air, but you get better performance and a bunch of worthwhile upgrades. The Pro has more ports than the Air, including an SD card reader and HDMI 2.1. Its screen is a nicer Mini LED panel with higher resolution and faster refresh rate. It’s got more ports, including an SD card reader and HDMI 2.1. It starts with 512GB of storage. And its battery lasts even longer.

These upgrades go a long way in making the MacBook Pro better and more futureproof for heavier creative tasks. Especially since it has a fan to cool its chip, allowing you to use content creation apps like the Adobe Creative Cloud suite for longer — the passively cooled Air starts off fast in these apps, but slows down considerably once its chip starts getting too hot.

Apple has two higher-end MacBook Pros: the 14- and 16-inch models running M4 Pro and M4 Max chips. They’re fantastic laptops with even more processing power than the base M4, plus upgrades like Thunderbolt 5 ports, but they start at $1,999 and $3,199, respectively. An M4 Pro model is a more futureproof option, but these are better fit for a working professional than a student.

Read our review of the 14-inch MacBook Pro M4.

The best modular laptops you can upgrade yourself

$899

The Good

  • Still the repairability champ with excellent, modular port selection
  • Faster CPU performance over both Intel and previous AMD models
  • High-res 3:2 aspect ratio screen is great for productivity
  • Thin, light, and an overall great package

The Bad

  • Radeon 860M iGPU performance is a little lacking
  • Trackpad still feels a little cheap
  • Screen is a little lacking in contrast and color quality
  • Less repairable laptops offer more for similar prices or less

The Framework Laptop 13 and 2-in-1 Laptop 12 are notebooks that can grow and change with you. They’re easily repairable, and even years down the road you should be able to upgrade the RAM, storage, ports, and the entire mainboard and processor. They even have optional DIY editions, requiring some easy assembly — which I assure you is a joyously nerdy way to familiarize yourself with the inner workings of your laptop. There’s nothing else like them, and if you or your kid are the tinkering types it’s a fun experience for running either Windows or Linux.

But you don’t have to be going for a computer engineering degree. Even a newcomer can appreciate how Framework allows you to choose modular ports and swap them out at will. You can go all USB-C like a MacBook Air, or you can get funky by mixing and matching USB-A, DisplayPort, HDMI, SD / microSD card readers, and even an ethernet port.

You just have to be willing to pay extra for the Frameworks’ modularity, upgradeability, and easy repairability, as they cost more than equivalent or better-specced laptops from other manufacturers. The newer Laptop 12 isn’t as good a choice for most people because of its price and older Intel chips, but its shock-resistant chassis and convertible tablet form factor make it even more uniquely appealing for younger kids.

$799

The Good

  • Easy repairs and potential upgrades
  • Fun design
  • Rubberized TPU edges make it more resilient for kids
  • Modular ports with internal “child locks”

The Bad

  • Not exactly cheap, especially with more RAM and storage
  • Aging processor, starts with 8GB of RAM
  • Chunky bezels
  • No Windows Hello unlocking
Read our reviews of the Framework Laptop 13 and Laptop 12.

A Windows laptop or tablet with amazing battery

$900

The Good

  • Exquisite hardware that feels great to touch and use
  • Very good keyboard and one of the best mechanical trackpads
  • Battery can stretch to 1.5 days (with native Arm apps)
  • 3:2 aspect ratio screen is ideal for productivity

The Bad

  • Webcam doesn’t support Windows Hello
  • Loss of magnetic charging port
  • Snapdragon X still has app and game compatibility issues that competing chips do not
  • Why have Home, Page Up, and Page Down keys instead of media controls?

The latest, lower-cost Surfaces from Microsoft are great machines with excellent battery life, great standby times when left asleep, and solid performance. They’re Arm-based, which is what gives them that excellent battery life, but can lead to some app compatibility issues. Most common programs run fine, either natively or native-like via emulation. Just do your homework; if certain classes require specific apps, check to make sure they’ll run.

The 12-inch Surface Pro (starting at $799.99) and 13-inch Laptop (starting at $899.99) are well constructed, ultra-portable machines that feel very nice to use. Despite being the cheaper Windows laptops in this list, neither feels like a diminished experience (save for some odd design choices, like a lack of face unlock in the Laptop).

You can look at it as simply picking your preferred form factor: a traditional clamshell laptop or a convertible tablet with keyboard cover. The Laptop is the better buy, because the Surface Pro’s must-buy keyboard cover is an extra $150 (or $250 bundled with the stylus) — meaning its true starting price is around $850.

$730

The Good

  • Beautiful fanless design
  • Great battery life
  • The keyboard is a lot sturdier

The Bad

  • Windows still needs a better UX in tablet mode
  • The thick display bezels
  • No haptic touchpad
Read our reviews of the Surface Laptop 13-inch and Surface Pro 12-inch.

The hands-down best Chromebook

$749

The Good

  • Beautiful OLED screen, even at $649
  • Marathon battery life
  • Speedy performance with fanless design
  • Good-sounding speakers

The Bad

  • USB ports are only 5Gbps
  • Trackpad, while solid, has a slightly loud click
  • Webcam sometimes exhibits a green color cast
  • ChromeOS app compatibility / performance can still be frustrating (e.g., Zoom and Slack)

If you need or prefer a Chromebook for school and favor a traditional clamshell laptop, the Lenovo Chromebook Plus 14 is the best one. It’s a great Chromebook for older students, and a solid machine for just about anyone who wants a no-nonsense everyday computer. For $750 you get a fantastic touchscreen OLED display with deep contrast and vivid colors, a great keyboard, and marathon battery life. It’s a package that’s well built and totally silent thanks to a fanless design.

The Arm-based MediaTek processor is what gives the Lenovo its zippy performance and battery stretching into a second day of use. It can also lead to some small compatibility issues if you venture into using Linux apps (they need to be Arm compatible), but that’s unlikely to affect most users.

The Chromebook Plus 14 has some other small flaws, like lackluster 5Gbps data speeds on its USB ports and an only-okay trackpad, but it nails most everything else. And, again, paying only $750 for a 14-inch OLED panel this nice is a rare treat.

Read our review of the Lenovo Chromebook Plus 14.

The best 2-in-1 convertible Chromebook

$629

The Good

  • The best convertible Chromebook experience
  • Speedy Thunderbolt 4 ports
  • Faster RAM than previous gen

The Bad

  • No fingerprint sensor
  • A little pricey when not discounted
  • 8GB of RAM

If you want a 2-in-1 convertible Chromebook, the Acer Chromebook Plus Spin 714 is your bag. The 2024 Acer may now be getting outclassed by the freshly launched Lenovo, but it’s still one of our top picks since it’s so versatile.

The Chromebook Spin 714 and its Intel processor offers a great balance of performance, battery life, and specs for the money. It has speedy Thunderbolt 4 ports, and its x86 architecture allows for free rein to install and tinker with Linux apps.

Now that this latest version of the Spin is a year old (though still current), it can occasionally be had for $200 off. So if you want a top-flight Chromebook you can find for a decent discount, the Spin is a great choice.

The best Chromebook under $400

$379

The Good

  • Excellent look and build
  • Sharp 1080p display
  • 1080p webcam with AI features and physical shutter

The Bad

  • No touchscreen option
  • Stiff touchpad
  • Battery life could be a bit better

If you’re shopping for a younger student and don’t want to spend a ton, but also don’t want to risk buying something crappy, the 14-inch Asus Chromebook Plus CX34 is a safe bet. It’s one of the cheapest Chromebooks with the Plus designation, which means it meets a certain level of performance, battery life, and quality. Chromebook Plus laptops have better-than-average screens, and they should be able to last through a school day without needing a charge.

The CX34 normally costs $600 these days, but it sometimes sells for under $400. That’s the sweet spot, getting you excellent build quality, a nice screen, and a sleek design for an affordable price.

The CX34’s 1920 x 1080 / 250-nit display may feel a little cramped and dim compared to the 16:10 screens on the Acer Chromebook Plus Spin 714 and Lenovo Chromebook Plus 14, but it offers a sharp picture with minimal glare. It’s got a great keyboard that Asus claims to have tested as spill-resistant, giving a bit more peace of mind when entrusting it to a child. The Asus remains a go-to choice for something you can have younger students use that lasts some years.

Read our review of the Asus Chromebook Plus CX34.

A great higher-end Windows laptop with a big screen

$1399

The Good

  • It’s gorgeous
  • Incredibly thin and light for a 16-inch laptop
  • Great performance, especially the integrated graphics

The Bad

  • Shorter battery life than major competitors
  • StoryCube doesn’t work
  • Couldn’t get a sense of how fast the NPU really is

Sometimes bigger is better, and the Asus Zenbook S 16 is a total treat of a Windows thin-and-light laptop. It’s got AMD Strix Point processors that are powerful enough for even some light gaming, and the star of the show is its 2880 x 1800 16-inch OLED touchscreen capable of a smooth 120Hz refresh rate.

The Zenbook S 16 is one of the pricier options we have here, with a standard price of $1,799.99, but it sometimes goes on sale for as much as $500 off. This is a very capable option for high school or college students who need to run Windows and prefer a big screen for easier multitasking. And its thinness makes it very portable for a 16-inch machine, making it less of a hassle to tote a large laptop around campus. Asus also makes a 14-inch version — we expect it to be similar, but we haven’t tested the smaller model.

The downside of the Zenbook’s powerful chip and thin chassis is that it’s not the battery champ some of the other options here are. It’s still enough to get through an average day of classes, but it’s going to need a charge in the late afternoon if you have a lengthy sprint of back-to-back lectures or you’re cramming late into the night.

Read our review of the Asus Zenbook S 16.

The best gaming laptop for (very responsible) students

$1350

The Good

  • Balanced performance, battery life, and portability
  • OLED display
  • Programmable LED strip on the lid
  • Great keyboard and smooth trackpad

The Bad

  • Gets a bit hot and loud under load
  • Soldered RAM
  • Thermally throttles its GPUs

Treating your kid to a gaming laptop may seem like you’re inviting them to slack off, but if you want to splurge on one device for both schoolwork and play you can’t go wrong with Asus’ ROG Zephyrus G14. The G14 is as “normal” as gaming laptops get, with a design that doesn’t scream cringe-gamer too much (aside from some small ROG branding). Unlike many other gaming laptops, the Zephyrus has solid battery life that can get you through your day’s classes — assuming you save the gaming for when you plug in at the end of the day.

The $1,799.99 base model uses a capable AMD Ryzen 9 270 processor and discrete Nvidia GeForce RTX 5060, which is enough power to play just about any game, even the latest big-budget ones, albeit not at the highest settings.

An important part of what makes the G14 special is how good the rest of the laptop is. It’s got a crisp and lovely 14-inch OLED with 2880 x 1800 resolution and 120Hz refresh, a great keyboard, and a very good trackpad. It offers a bunch of ports, and it doesn’t run overly loud or hot when tackling the basic productivity stuff.

You’d be spoiling your kid a bit (maybe a lot of bit) with a laptop like this, but you can meet their school needs while also treating them to the world of PC gaming.

Read our buying guide featuring the Asus ROG Zephyrus G14.

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Artificial Intelligence

Combing the Rackspace blogfiles for operational AI pointers

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In a recent blog output, Rackspace refers to the bottlenecks familiar to many readers: messy data, unclear ownership, governance gaps, and the cost of running models once they become part of production. The company frames them through the lens of service delivery, security operations, and cloud modernisation, which tells you where it is putting its own effort.

One of the clearest examples of operational AI inside Rackspace sits in its security business. In late January, the company described RAIDER (Rackspace Advanced Intelligence, Detection and Event Research) as a custom back-end platform built for its internal cyber defense centre. With security teams working amid many alerts and logs, standard detection engineering doesn’t scale if dependent on the manual writing of security rules. Rackspace says its RAIDER system unifies threat intelligence with detection engineering workflows and uses its AI Security Engine (RAISE) and LLMs to automate detection rule creation, generating detection criteria it describes as “platform-ready” in line with known frameworks such as MITRE ATT&CK. The company claims it’s cut detection development time by more than half and reduced mean time to detect and respond. This is just the kind of internal process change that matters.

The company also positions agentic AI as a way of taking the friction out of complex engineering programmes. A January post on modernising VMware environments on AWS describes a model in which AI agents handle data-intensive analysis and many repeating tasks, yet it keeps “architectural judgement, governance and business decisions” remain in the human domain. Rackspace presents this workflow as stopping senior engineers being sidelined into migration projects. The article states the target is to keep day two operations in scope – where many migration plans fail as teams discover they have modernised infrastructure but not operating practices.

Elsewhere the company sets out a picture of AI-supported operations where monitoring becomes more predictive, routine incidents are handled by bots and automation scripts, and telemetry (plus historical data) are used to spot patterns and, it turn, recommend fixes. This is conventional AIOps language, but it Rackspace is tying such language to managed services delivery, suggesting the company uses AI to reduce the cost of labour in operational pipelines in addition to the more familiar use of AI in customer-facing environments.

In a post describing AI-enabled operations, the company stresses the importance of focus strategy, governance and operating models. It specifies the machinery it needed to industrialise AI, such as choosing infrastructure based on whether workloads involve training, fine-tuning or inference. Many tasks are relatively lightweight and can run inference locally on existing hardware.

The company’s noted four recurring barriers to AI adoption, most notably that of fragmented and inconsistent data, and it recommends investment in integration and data management so models have consistent foundations. This is not an opinion unique to Rackspace, of course, but having it writ large by a technology-first, big player is illustrative of the issues faced by many enterprise-scale AI deployments.

A company of even greater size, Microsoft, is working to coordinate autonomous agents’ work across systems. Copilot has evolved into an orchestration layer, and in Microsoft’s ecosystem, multi-step task execution and broader model choice do exist. However, it’s noteworthy that Redmond is called out by Rackspace on the fact that productivity gains only arrive when identity, data access, and oversight are firmly ensconced into operations.

Rackspace’s near-term AI plan comprises of AI-assisted security engineering, agent-supported modernisation, and AI-augmented service management. Its future plans can perhaps be discerned in a January article published on the company’s blog that concerns private cloud AI trends. In it, the author argues inference economics and governance will drive architecture decisions well into 2026. It anticipates ‘bursty’ exploration in public clouds, while moving inference tasks into private clouds on the grounds of cost stability, and compliance. That’s a roadmap for operational AI grounded in budget and audit requirements, not novelty.

For decision-makers trying to accelerate their own deployments, the useful takeaway is that Rackspace has treats AI as an operational discipline. The concrete, published examples it gives are those that reduce cycle time in repeatable work. Readers may accept the company’s direction and still be wary of the company’s claimed metrics. The steps to take inside a growing business are to discover repeating processes, examine where strict oversight is necessary because of data governance, and where inference costs might be reduced by bringing some processing in-house.

(Image source: Pixabay)

 

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Artificial Intelligence

Ronnie Sheth, CEO, SENEN Group: Why now is the time for enterprise AI to ‘get practical'

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Before you set sail on your AI journey, always check the state of your data – because if there is one thing likely to sink your ship, it is data quality.

Gartner estimates that poor data quality costs organisations an average of $12.9 million each year in wasted resources and lost opportunities. That’s the bad news. The good news is that organisations are increasingly understanding the importance of their data quality – and less likely to fall into this trap.

That’s the view of Ronnie Sheth, CEO of AI strategy, execution and governance firm SENEN Group. The company focuses on data and AI advisory, operationalisation and literacy, and Sheth notes she has been in the data and AI space ‘ever since [she] was a corporate baby’, so there is plenty of real-world experience behind the viewpoint. There is also plenty of success; Sheth notes that her company has a 99.99% client repeat rate.

“If I were to be very practical, the one thing I’ve noticed is companies jump into adopting AI before they’re ready,” says Sheth. Companies, she notes, will have an executive direction insisting they adopt AI, but without a blueprint or roadmap to accompany it. The result may be impressive user numbers, but with no measurable outcome to back anything up.

Even as recently as 2024, Sheth saw many organisations struggling because their data was ‘nowhere where it needed to be.’ “Not even close,” she adds. Now, the conversation has turned more practical and strategic. Companies are realising this, and coming to SENEN Group initially to get help with their data, rather than wanting to adopt AI immediately.

“When companies like that come to us, the first course of order is really fixing their data,” says Sheth. “The next course of order is getting to their AI model. They are building a strong foundation for any AI initiative that comes after that.

“Once they fix their data, they can build as many AI models as they want, and they can have as many AI solutions as they want, and they will get accurate outputs because now they have a strong foundation,” Sheth adds.

With breadth and depth in expertise, SENEN Group allows organisations to right their course. Sheth notes the example of one customer who came to them wanting a data governance initiative. Ultimately, it was the data strategy which was needed – the why and how, the outcomes of what they were trying to do with their data – before adding in governance and providing a roadmap for an operating model. “They’ve moved from raw data to descriptive analytics, moving into predictive analytics, and now we’re actually setting up an AI strategy for them,” says Sheth.

It is this attitude and requirement for practical initiatives which will be the cornerstone of Sheth’s discussion at AI & Big Data Expo Global in London this week. “Now would be the time to get practical with AI, especially enterprise AI adoption, and not think about ‘look, we’re going to innovate, we’re going to do pilots, we’re going to experiment,’” says Sheth. “Now is not the time to do that. Now is the time to get practical, to get AI to value. This is the year to do that in the enterprise.”

Watch the full video conversation with Ronnie Sheth below:

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Apptio: Why scaling intelligent automation requires financial rigour

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Greg Holmes, Field CTO for EMEA at Apptio, an IBM company, argues that successfully scaling intelligent automation requires financial rigour.

The “build it and they will come” model of technology adoption often leaves a hole in the budget when applied to automation. Executives frequently find that successful pilot programmes do not translate into sustainable enterprise-wide deployments because initial financial modelling ignored the realities of production scaling.

“When we integrate FinOps capabilities with automation, we’re looking at a change from being very reactive on cost management to being very proactive around value engineering,” says Holmes.

This shifts the assessment criteria for technical leaders. Rather than waiting “months or years to assess whether things are getting value,” engineering teams can track resource consumption – such as cost per transaction or API call – “straight from the beginning.”

The unit economics of scaling intelligent automation

Innovation projects face a high mortality rate. Holmes notes that around 80 percent of new innovation projects fail, often because financial opacity during the pilot phase masks future liabilities.

“If a pilot demonstrates that automating a process saves, say, 100 hours a month, leadership thinks that’s really successful,” says Holmes. “But what it fails to track is that the pilot sometimes is running on over-provisioned infrastructure, so it looks like it performs really well. But you wouldn’t over-provision to that degree during a real production rollout.”

Moving that workload to production changes the calculus. The requirements for compute, storage, and data transfer increase. “API calls can multiply, exceptions and edge cases appear at volume that might have been out of scope for the pilot phase, and then support overheads just grow as well,” he adds.

To prevent this, organisations must track the marginal cost at scale. This involves monitoring unit economics, such as the cost per customer served or cost per transaction. If the cost per customer increases as the customer base grows, the business model is flawed.

Conversely, effective scaling should see these unit costs decrease. Holmes cites a case study from Liberty Mutual where the insurer was able to find around $2.5 million of savings by bringing in consumption metrics and “not just looking at labour hours that they were saving.”

However, financial accountability cannot sit solely with the finance department. Holmes advocates for putting governance “back in the hands of the developers into their development tools and workloads.”

Integration with infrastructure-as-code tools like HashiCorp Terraform and GitHub allows organisations to enforce policies during deployment. Teams can spin up resources programmatically with immediate cost estimates.

“Rather than deploying things and then fixing them up, which gets into the whole whack-a-mole kind of problem,” Holmes explains, companies can verify they are “deploying the right things at the right time.”

When scaling intelligent automation, tension often simmers between the CFO, who focuses on return on investment, and the Head of Automation, who tracks operational metrics like hours saved.

“This translation challenge is precisely what TBM (Technology Business Management) and Apptio are designed to solve,” says Holmes. “It’s having a common language between technology and finance and with the business.”

The TBM taxonomy provides a standardised framework to reconcile these views. It maps technical resources (such as compute, storage, and labour) into IT towers and further up to business capabilities. This structure translates technical inputs into business outputs.

“I don’t necessarily know what goes into all the IT layers underneath it,” Holmes says, describing the business user’s perspective. “But because we’ve got this taxonomy, I can get a detailed bill that tells me about my service consumption and precisely which costs are driving  it to be more expensive as I consume more.”

Addressing legacy debt and budgeting for the long-term

Organisations burdened by legacy ERP systems face a binary choice: automation as a patch, or as a bridge to modernisation. Holmes warns that if a company is “just trying to mask inefficient processes and not redesign them,” they are merely “building up more technical debt.”

A total cost of ownership (TCO) approach helps determine the correct strategy. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia utilised a TCO model across 2,000 different applications – of various maturity stages – to assess their full lifecycle costs. This analysis included hidden costs such as infrastructure, labour, and the engineering time required to keep automation running.

“Just because of something’s legacy doesn’t mean you have to retire it,” says Holmes. “Some of those legacy systems are worth maintaining just because the value is so good.”

In other cases, calculating the cost of the automation wrappers required to keep an old system functional reveals a different reality. “Sometimes when you add up the TCO approach, and you’re including all these automation layers around it, you suddenly realise, the real cost of keeping that old system alive is not just the old system, it’s those extra layers,” Holmes argues.

Avoiding sticker shock requires a budgeting strategy that balances variable costs with long-term commitments. While variable costs (OPEX) offer flexibility, they can fluctuate wildly based on demand and engineering efficiency.

Holmes advises that longer-term visibility enables better investment decisions. Committing to specific technologies or platforms over a multi-year horizon allows organisations to negotiate economies of scale and standardise architecture.

“Because you’ve made those longer term commitments and you’ve standardised on different platforms and things like that, it makes it easier to build the right thing out for the long term,” Holmes says.

Combining tight management of variable costs with strategic commitments supports enterprises in scaling intelligent automation without the volatility that often derails transformation.

IBM is a key sponsor of this year’s Intelligent Automation Conference Global in London on 4-5 February 2026. Greg Holmes and other experts will be sharing their insights during the event. Be sure to check out the day one panel session, Scaling Intelligent Automation Successfully: Frameworks, Risks, and Real-World Lessons, to hear more from Holmes and swing by IBM’s booth at stand #362.

See also: Klarna backs Google UCP to power AI agent payments

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