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How Trump’s war on clean energy is making AI a bigger polluter

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At an AI and fossil fuel lovefest in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania last week, President Donald Trump — flanked by cabinet members and executives from major tech and energy giants like Google and ExxonMobil — said that “the most important man of the day” was Environmental Protection Agency head Lee Zeldin. “He’s gonna get you a permit for the largest electric producing plant in the world in about a week, would you say?” Trump said to chuckles in the audience. Later that week, the Trump administration exempted coal-fired power plants, facilities that make chemicals for semiconductor manufacturing, and certain other industrial sites from Biden-era air pollution regulations.

If Trump has his way, the next generation of data centers will run dirtier than the last. It isn’t enough to kill renewables and pave the way for more coal and gas plants to power energy-hungry AI data centers. Trump is also obsessed with tossing out environmental protections.

“It costs much more to do things environmentally clean,” Trump claimed in an interview with Joe Rogan in October 2024. Upon his appointment to head the EPA (or, rather, run it into the ground), Zeldin said that he would be focused on “unleash[ing] US energy dominance” and “mak[ing] America the AI capital of the world.” The EPA announced thousands of layoffs on on July 18th, gutting its research and development arm.

“It costs much more to do things environmentally clean.”

At the Pennsylvania Energy and Innovation Summit, Trump attempted to take credit for private investments totaling around $36 billion for data center projects and $56 million for new energy infrastructure. The ceremony itself was mostly pomp and circumstance, but it’s telling that the Trump administration says it wants to make Pennsylvania a new hub for AI data centers. It’s a swing state that Republicans are eager to move into their column, but it’s also a major coal and gas producer. Sitting atop a major gas reserve, fracking in Pennsylvania (as well as Texas) helped usher in the “shale revolution” in the 2000s that made the US the world’s leading gas producer.

That was supposed to start changing under former President Joe Biden’s direction. He set a goal for the US to get all its electricity from carbon pollution-free sources by 2035. And in 2022, he signed the Inflation Reduction Act, which was full of tax incentives to make it cheaper to build out new solar and wind farms, as well as other carbon-free energy sources. If it had stayed intact, the law was expected to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by around 40 percent this decade.

The law came at a crucial time for tech companies, which were expanding data centers as the AI arms race picked up steam. Electricity demand in the US is rising for the first time in more than a decade, thanks in large part to energy-hungry data centers. Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta, and other tech giants all have their own climate goals, pledging to shrink their carbon footprints by supporting renewable energy projects.

But Trump is making it harder to build those projects in the US. Republicans voted to wind down Biden-era tax incentives for solar and wind energy in the big spending bill they passed this month. The bill will likely decrease electricity generation capacity in 2035 by 340 GW, according to one analysis, with the vast majority of losses coming from solar and wind farms that will no longer get built.

All these new data centers still need to get their electricity from somewhere. “They won’t be powered by wind,” Trump said during the summit, repeating misleading talking points about renewable energy that have become a cornerstone of new climate denial. He signed an executive order in April, directing the Commerce, Energy, and Interior Departments to study “where coal-powered infrastructure is available and suitable for supporting AI data centers.” Trump, backed by fossil fuel donors, campaigned on a promise to “drill, baby, drill” — a slogan that he doubled down on again at the event. He also referenced the Homer City Generating Station, an old coal plant that’s reopening as a gas plant that will power a new data center.

The deals announced at the summit include Enbridge investing $1 billion to expand its gas pipelines into Pennsylvania and Equinor spending $1.6 billion to “boost natural gas production at Equinor’s Pennsylvania facilities and explore opportunities to link gas to flexible power generation for data centers.”

“They won’t be powered by wind.”

Data centers are a “main driver” for a boom in new gas pipelines and power plants in the Southeast, according to a January report from the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). The Southeast is home to “data center alley,” a hub in Virginia through which around 70 percent of the world’s internet traffic flows through. Even if AI models become more efficient over time, the amount of electricity they’re currently projected to demand could lock communities across the US into prolonged reliance on fossil fuels as utilities build out new gas infrastructure.

Zeldin’s job now is essentially to remove any regulatory hurdles that might slow down that growth. From his first day in office, “it was clear that EPA would have a major hand in permitting reform to cut down barriers that have acted as a roadblock so we can bolster the growth of AI,” as Zeldin wrote in a Fox News op-ed last week. “A company looking to build an industrial facility or a power plant should be able to build what it can before obtaining an emissions permit,” he added. And after moving to roll back pollution regulations for power plants, the Trump administration is now reportedly working on a rule that would undo the 2009 “endangerment finding” that allows the EPA to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act.

Zeldin also writes that when it comes to Clean Air Act permits for polluters it considers “minor emitters,” the EPA will only meet “minimum requirements for public participation.” An AI Action Plan that the White House dropped on July 23rd proposes creating new categorical exclusions for data center-related projects from the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), a sunshine law that mandates input from local communities on major federal projects. The plan directs agencies to identify federal lands for the “large-scale development” of data centers and power generation.

There are other factors at play that could derail Trump’s fossil-fueled agenda, including a backlog for gas turbines in high demand. Solar and wind farms are still generally faster to build and a more affordable source of new electricity than coal or gas, and we could see some developers rush to complete projects before Biden-era tax credits fully disappear. One early bright spot for renewables was the fact that data centers used to train AI are theoretically easier to build close to far-flung wind and solar projects. Unlike other data centers, they don’t need to be built near population centers to reduce latency. They could also theoretically time their operations to match the ebb and flow of electricity generation when the sun shines and winds blow.

But so far, things are shaping up differently in the real world. “It’s just a race to get connected as quickly as possible,” says Nathalie Limandibhratha, senior associate US power at BloombergNEF.

Data center developers are also concerned that if they build facilities specifically to train AI closer to renewable energy, they could be left with stranded assets down the road. They’d rather keep building data centers close to population centers where they can repurpose the facility for other uses if needed. They also get more bang for their buck running 24/7, so data centers are leaning toward around-the-clock electricity generation from gas and nuclear energy (and nuclear energy has more bipartisan support than other sources of carbon-free energy).

“There’s no question right now that AI is driving greater fossil fuel use in the United States and really setting us back in terms of climate change,” says Cathy Kunkel, an energy consultant at IEEFA. Tech giants Google and Amazon made announcements coinciding with the Pennsylvania summit committing to purchasing hydropower and nuclear energy, respectively. But their most recent sustainability reports show that their greenhouse gas pollution is still growing, taking them further away from their climate goals of reaching net zero emissions.

“If [tech companies] wanted to meet their sustainability goals, they could do so,” Kunkel says. “They’re getting a free pass, obviously, from the Trump administration.”

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Artificial Intelligence

Ronnie Sheth, CEO, SENEN Group: Why now is the time for enterprise AI to ‘get practical'

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Before you set sail on your AI journey, always check the state of your data – because if there is one thing likely to sink your ship, it is data quality.

Gartner estimates that poor data quality costs organisations an average of $12.9 million each year in wasted resources and lost opportunities. That’s the bad news. The good news is that organisations are increasingly understanding the importance of their data quality – and less likely to fall into this trap.

That’s the view of Ronnie Sheth, CEO of AI strategy, execution and governance firm SENEN Group. The company focuses on data and AI advisory, operationalisation and literacy, and Sheth notes she has been in the data and AI space ‘ever since [she] was a corporate baby’, so there is plenty of real-world experience behind the viewpoint. There is also plenty of success; Sheth notes that her company has a 99.99% client repeat rate.

“If I were to be very practical, the one thing I’ve noticed is companies jump into adopting AI before they’re ready,” says Sheth. Companies, she notes, will have an executive direction insisting they adopt AI, but without a blueprint or roadmap to accompany it. The result may be impressive user numbers, but with no measurable outcome to back anything up.

Even as recently as 2024, Sheth saw many organisations struggling because their data was ‘nowhere where it needed to be.’ “Not even close,” she adds. Now, the conversation has turned more practical and strategic. Companies are realising this, and coming to SENEN Group initially to get help with their data, rather than wanting to adopt AI immediately.

“When companies like that come to us, the first course of order is really fixing their data,” says Sheth. “The next course of order is getting to their AI model. They are building a strong foundation for any AI initiative that comes after that.

“Once they fix their data, they can build as many AI models as they want, and they can have as many AI solutions as they want, and they will get accurate outputs because now they have a strong foundation,” Sheth adds.

With breadth and depth in expertise, SENEN Group allows organisations to right their course. Sheth notes the example of one customer who came to them wanting a data governance initiative. Ultimately, it was the data strategy which was needed – the why and how, the outcomes of what they were trying to do with their data – before adding in governance and providing a roadmap for an operating model. “They’ve moved from raw data to descriptive analytics, moving into predictive analytics, and now we’re actually setting up an AI strategy for them,” says Sheth.

It is this attitude and requirement for practical initiatives which will be the cornerstone of Sheth’s discussion at AI & Big Data Expo Global in London this week. “Now would be the time to get practical with AI, especially enterprise AI adoption, and not think about ‘look, we’re going to innovate, we’re going to do pilots, we’re going to experiment,’” says Sheth. “Now is not the time to do that. Now is the time to get practical, to get AI to value. This is the year to do that in the enterprise.”

Watch the full video conversation with Ronnie Sheth below:

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Apptio: Why scaling intelligent automation requires financial rigour

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Greg Holmes, Field CTO for EMEA at Apptio, an IBM company, argues that successfully scaling intelligent automation requires financial rigour.

The “build it and they will come” model of technology adoption often leaves a hole in the budget when applied to automation. Executives frequently find that successful pilot programmes do not translate into sustainable enterprise-wide deployments because initial financial modelling ignored the realities of production scaling.

“When we integrate FinOps capabilities with automation, we’re looking at a change from being very reactive on cost management to being very proactive around value engineering,” says Holmes.

This shifts the assessment criteria for technical leaders. Rather than waiting “months or years to assess whether things are getting value,” engineering teams can track resource consumption – such as cost per transaction or API call – “straight from the beginning.”

The unit economics of scaling intelligent automation

Innovation projects face a high mortality rate. Holmes notes that around 80 percent of new innovation projects fail, often because financial opacity during the pilot phase masks future liabilities.

“If a pilot demonstrates that automating a process saves, say, 100 hours a month, leadership thinks that’s really successful,” says Holmes. “But what it fails to track is that the pilot sometimes is running on over-provisioned infrastructure, so it looks like it performs really well. But you wouldn’t over-provision to that degree during a real production rollout.”

Moving that workload to production changes the calculus. The requirements for compute, storage, and data transfer increase. “API calls can multiply, exceptions and edge cases appear at volume that might have been out of scope for the pilot phase, and then support overheads just grow as well,” he adds.

To prevent this, organisations must track the marginal cost at scale. This involves monitoring unit economics, such as the cost per customer served or cost per transaction. If the cost per customer increases as the customer base grows, the business model is flawed.

Conversely, effective scaling should see these unit costs decrease. Holmes cites a case study from Liberty Mutual where the insurer was able to find around $2.5 million of savings by bringing in consumption metrics and “not just looking at labour hours that they were saving.”

However, financial accountability cannot sit solely with the finance department. Holmes advocates for putting governance “back in the hands of the developers into their development tools and workloads.”

Integration with infrastructure-as-code tools like HashiCorp Terraform and GitHub allows organisations to enforce policies during deployment. Teams can spin up resources programmatically with immediate cost estimates.

“Rather than deploying things and then fixing them up, which gets into the whole whack-a-mole kind of problem,” Holmes explains, companies can verify they are “deploying the right things at the right time.”

When scaling intelligent automation, tension often simmers between the CFO, who focuses on return on investment, and the Head of Automation, who tracks operational metrics like hours saved.

“This translation challenge is precisely what TBM (Technology Business Management) and Apptio are designed to solve,” says Holmes. “It’s having a common language between technology and finance and with the business.”

The TBM taxonomy provides a standardised framework to reconcile these views. It maps technical resources (such as compute, storage, and labour) into IT towers and further up to business capabilities. This structure translates technical inputs into business outputs.

“I don’t necessarily know what goes into all the IT layers underneath it,” Holmes says, describing the business user’s perspective. “But because we’ve got this taxonomy, I can get a detailed bill that tells me about my service consumption and precisely which costs are driving  it to be more expensive as I consume more.”

Addressing legacy debt and budgeting for the long-term

Organisations burdened by legacy ERP systems face a binary choice: automation as a patch, or as a bridge to modernisation. Holmes warns that if a company is “just trying to mask inefficient processes and not redesign them,” they are merely “building up more technical debt.”

A total cost of ownership (TCO) approach helps determine the correct strategy. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia utilised a TCO model across 2,000 different applications – of various maturity stages – to assess their full lifecycle costs. This analysis included hidden costs such as infrastructure, labour, and the engineering time required to keep automation running.

“Just because of something’s legacy doesn’t mean you have to retire it,” says Holmes. “Some of those legacy systems are worth maintaining just because the value is so good.”

In other cases, calculating the cost of the automation wrappers required to keep an old system functional reveals a different reality. “Sometimes when you add up the TCO approach, and you’re including all these automation layers around it, you suddenly realise, the real cost of keeping that old system alive is not just the old system, it’s those extra layers,” Holmes argues.

Avoiding sticker shock requires a budgeting strategy that balances variable costs with long-term commitments. While variable costs (OPEX) offer flexibility, they can fluctuate wildly based on demand and engineering efficiency.

Holmes advises that longer-term visibility enables better investment decisions. Committing to specific technologies or platforms over a multi-year horizon allows organisations to negotiate economies of scale and standardise architecture.

“Because you’ve made those longer term commitments and you’ve standardised on different platforms and things like that, it makes it easier to build the right thing out for the long term,” Holmes says.

Combining tight management of variable costs with strategic commitments supports enterprises in scaling intelligent automation without the volatility that often derails transformation.

IBM is a key sponsor of this year’s Intelligent Automation Conference Global in London on 4-5 February 2026. Greg Holmes and other experts will be sharing their insights during the event. Be sure to check out the day one panel session, Scaling Intelligent Automation Successfully: Frameworks, Risks, and Real-World Lessons, to hear more from Holmes and swing by IBM’s booth at stand #362.

See also: Klarna backs Google UCP to power AI agent payments

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Want to learn more about AI and big data from industry leaders? Check out AI & Big Data Expo taking place in Amsterdam, California, and London. The comprehensive event is part of TechEx and is co-located with other leading technology events including the Cyber Security & Cloud Expo. Click here for more information.

AI News is powered by TechForge Media. Explore other upcoming enterprise technology events and webinars here.

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FedEx tests how far AI can go in tracking and returns management

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FedEx is using AI to change how package tracking and returns work for large enterprise shippers. For companies moving high volumes of goods, tracking no longer ends when a package leaves the warehouse. Customers expect real-time updates, flexible delivery options, and returns that do not turn into support tickets or delays.

That pressure is pushing logistics firms to rethink how tracking and returns operate at scale, especially across complex supply chains.

This is where artificial intelligence is starting to move from pilot projects into daily operations.

FedEx plans to roll out AI-powered tracking and returns tools designed for enterprise shippers, according to a report by PYMNTS. The tools are aimed at automating routine customer service tasks, improving visibility into shipments, and reducing friction when packages need to be rerouted or sent back.

Rather than focusing on consumer-facing chatbots, the effort centres on operational workflows that sit behind the scenes. These are the systems enterprise customers rely on to manage exceptions, returns, and delivery changes without manual intervention.

How FedEx is applying AI to package tracking

Traditional tracking systems tell customers where a package is and when it might arrive. AI-powered tracking takes a step further by utilising historical delivery data, traffic patterns, weather conditions, and network constraints to flag potential delays before they happen.

According to the PYMNTS report, FedEx’s AI tools are designed to help enterprise shippers anticipate issues earlier in the delivery process. Instead of reacting to missed delivery windows, shippers may be able to reroute packages or notify customers ahead of time.

For businesses that ship thousands of parcels per day, that shift matters. Small improvements in prediction accuracy can reduce support calls, lower refund rates, and improve customer trust, particularly in retail, healthcare, and manufacturing supply chains.

This approach also reflects a broader trend in enterprise software, in which AI is being embedded into existing systems rather than introduced as standalone tools. The goal is not to replace logistics teams, but to minimise the number of manual decisions they need to make.

Returns as an operational problem, not a customer issue

Returns are one of the most expensive parts of logistics. For enterprise shippers, particularly those in e-commerce, returns affect warehouse capacity, inventory planning, and transportation costs.

According to PYMNTS, FedEx’s AI-enabled returns tools aim to automate parts of the returns process, including label generation, routing decisions, and status updates. Companies that use AI to determine the most efficient return path may be able to reduce delays and avoid returning things to the wrong facility.

This is less about convenience and more about operational discipline. Returns that sit idle or move through the wrong channel create cost and uncertainty across the supply chain. AI systems trained on past return patterns can help standardise decisions that were previously handled case by case.

For enterprise customers, this type of automation supports scale. As return volumes fluctuate, especially during peak seasons, systems that adjust automatically reduce the need for temporary staffing or manual overrides.

What FedEx’s AI tracking approach says about enterprise adoption

What stands out in FedEx’s approach is how narrowly focused the AI use case is. There are no broad claims about transformation or reinvention. The emphasis is on reducing friction in processes that already exist.

This mirrors how other large organisations are adopting AI internally. In a separate context, Microsoft described a similar pattern in its article. The company outlined how AI tools were rolled out gradually, with clear limits, governance rules, and feedback loops.

While Microsoft’s case focused on knowledge work and FedEx’s on logistics operations, the underlying lesson is the same. AI adoption tends to work best when applied to specific activities with measurable results rather than broad promises of efficiency.

For logistics firms, those advantages include fewer delivery exceptions, lower return handling costs, and better coordination between shipping partners and enterprise clients.

What this signals for enterprise customers

For end-user companies, FedEx’s move signals that logistics providers are investing in AI as a way to support more complex shipping demands. As supply chains become more distributed, visibility and predictability become harder to maintain without automation.

AI-driven tracking and returns could also change how businesses measure logistics performance. Companies may focus less on delivery speed and more on how quickly issues are recognised and resolved.

That shift could influence procurement decisions, contract structures, and service-level agreements. Enterprise customers may start asking not just where a shipment is, but how well a provider anticipates problems.

FedEx’s plans reflect a quieter phase of enterprise AI adoption. The focus is less on experimentation and more on integration. These systems are not designed to draw attention but to reduce noise in operations that customers only notice when something goes wrong.

(Photo by Liam Kevan)

See also: PepsiCo is using AI to rethink how factories are designed and updated

Want to learn more about AI and big data from industry leaders? Check out AI & Big Data Expo taking place in Amsterdam, California, and London. The comprehensive event is part of TechEx and is co-located with other leading technology events, click here for more information.

AI News is powered by TechForge Media. Explore other upcoming enterprise technology events and webinars here.

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